December Packaging code. Guidance on wooden boxes, cases and crates. Wooden boxes, cases and crates. Our policy towards the use of cookies Techstreet uses cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser. Several efficient inhibitors to reduce acid attack on The alkalinity of these solutions should be checked the base metal are available commercially and one from time to time; solutions should be renewed at of these should be employed.
It is necessary to intervals to avoid contamination becoming too high. Higher concentrations of acid 4. Hydrochloric acid pickles work sulphuric acid, it involves less danger of corrosion reasonably well without external heating; often the from residues or during drying, and is therefore heat of reaction between the acid and the scale is preferable to the other mineral acids. It is Phosphoric acid pickling is suitable for removing very uneconomical to pickle in cold sulphuric acid rust prior to the application of phosphating surface solutions because of the relative slowness of attack.
NOTE To avoid accidents from overheating when making up 4. Do not add water to the acid. Light rust can be removed by immersion in cold Pickling may be accelerated to some extent by phosphoric acid, or in commercially available mechanical agitation of the parts in the solution, mixtures based on phosphoric acid and and by lightly scrubbing off deposits that have substantially free from other mineral acids, diluted loosened in the acid bath.
Completion of pickling is best by volume. Application is generally by dipping or judged by periodic inspection. The acid content of the bath should be checked a Dip application. Any oil or grease should be frequently and additions of acid made to maintain removed by one of the processes described in the correct strength. The pickle should be discarded clause 3. If to retard seriously the rate of pickling, i. The acid pickle. A After removal from the sulphuric acid pickling bath, lead-lined tank is recommended for the the parts should be thoroughly washed in running rust-removing solution.
It is advisable to follow washing by a treatment in one of the Rinse well in clean cold water, and then in clean following alkaline solutions. Generally, the solution Sodium hydroxide 5 g plus sodium should not be used for leaf springs or springs orthophosphate 7.
Locally hardened, hardened and tempered or 4. Sodium chromate in A more economic method in which less phosphoric the proportion of 0. Chromates can cause allergic protective coating is the Footner process. This reactions such as dermatitis or eczema and safety process consists of the following stages.
The bath b Brushing application light rust. Remove any should contain an inhibitor. Further sulphuric oil or grease by wiping down with white spirit or acid should be added when the pickling time other solvent. Remove rust as far as possible increases appreciably. The bath should be mechanically, e.
Keep the surface well wetted on the surface of the article. This occurs when the with rust-removing solution. A long handled density reaches about 1. After the article is lifted from the acid bath it should be allowed to drain for 15 s to 30 s before Wash off the solution thoroughly after immersion in the water bath. There should be a very small flow of water through the water-wash bath to prevent the total 4. It is not generally necessary to use an inhibitor NOTE The flow of water required can be established with in the bath.
After pickling is complete, the experience of the process. When removed from the hot phosphoric acid bath in the Footner process, the parts dry rapidly, and carry a protective dull grey phosphate film. No subsequent washing is required.
Protective coatings should be applied as soon as the pickled surfaces are dry and while they are still warm. The process is also applicable to material that is lighter than structural steel, but drying in an oven may then be necessary as the parts may carry insufficient heat from the bath to dry in air. When parts with fine tolerances have containing cyanide or an organic complexing to be cleaned or de-rusted, an alkaline solution agent.
Complexing agents 5 Removal of miscellaneous residues react with certain metals to form chemically heat-treatment salts, fluxes and sweat inactive complexes, i. They can also cause 5. Heat-treatment salts may contain the water-soluble cyanides, carbonates, chlorides or fluorides of 4.
To avoid corrosion it is following electrolytic methods. The washing in clean hot water. This takes from 5 min advantages of this method are more rapid for articles of simple shape, to 1 h for those that have removal of rust and scale than with ordinary crevices or are coated with salts containing barium pickling, more economical use of acid and reduced chloride.
After removing the soluble salts in this attack on the metal; however hydrogen way it is desirable to rinse the articles in a second embrittlement may be serious. Inhibitors such as tin or lead salts are often used as in the Bullard-Dunn process. This process is To facilitate the removal of barium salts soak in hot useful for descaling irregular shaped objects and water as above, transfer for a few minutes while hot those with difficult recesses.
The descaled areas become plated with tin Do not use this acid treatment if any cyanide or lead and the action is diverted to other areas. The plated tin or lead is usually removed by After cleaning, the articles should be dried electrolytic alkali cleaning. Hydrogen embrittlement is less than in item a Fluxes used in soldering, brazing or welding, with but de-rusting is usually slower than in acid the exception of certain materials, e.
This applies particularly to those c Anodic treatment. They can be removed by thoroughly washing the Passivating conditions are established and articles in water, e. The removal of flux residues being formed in the acid process when the current from articles which have been brazed with a borate is switched off and while the work is being flux can be assisted by soaking in dilute sulphuric removed from the bath. Fluxes of an organic nature used for 1 an anodic process for parts entirely of steel instance in soldering should be removed by based on sulphuric acid solution appropriate degreasing methods.
Where a chloride density 1. It is preferable to avoid such have been cleaned in aqueous solutions then rinsed contamination by using gloves, and in particular by in water. It is important that liquid trapped in not touching highly finished surfaces. If pockets should have been adequately drained to contamination has occurred, however, it should be avoid saturating the atmosphere in the oven with removed without delay because corrosion can vapour.
Lower temperatures will be essential when proceed rapidly. These residues are not removed by materials such as low melting point solder, plastics, petroleum or chlorinated solvents; however aqueous etc.
The air in the drying oven certain oil-in-water emulsions do have should be circulated to accelerate drying and be sweat-removing properties. Special sweat-removing continuously replaced by means of a fan to prevent processes are not common practice and are not it becoming saturated with moisture.
Drying times detailed here. This method protection against corrosion. The temperature at the d immersion in a water-displacing fluid see 6. Lower temperatures may be e blowing with compressed air see 6. The source can be either fixed or portable There are several methods of drying by heating: and a suitable flexible nozzle or extension used as necessary. The articles d hot water. After draining off excess water the articles are exposed to a clean, dry atmosphere. If water is trapped in pockets, it should be blown out with clean dry air as soon as possible after removing the article from the hot water.
The articles to be dried are with corrosion preventives. Typical equipment immersed in the liquid without agitation and the comprises an enclosed perforated drum water displaced falls to the bottom of the tank and approximately mm in diameter, mm deep, can be drained away; the design of a dip-tank for and of approximately 14 L capacity which is automatic drainage of the water is shown in belt-driven from an external motor. It should have Figure 1. The drum should not be filled to more than three-quarters capacity.
Articles to be dried in hot solvent should first be rinsed at least twice with cold running water. NOTE 1 The use of soft water for these is not essential. They should then be dipped in the boiling solution containing the additive for 1 min or less; this removes the water from the metal. NOTE 2 In one process for which perchloroethylene is the recommended solvent the removal is effected by evaporating the water in the form of an azeotrope; in another using trichloroethylene the primary action is to displace the water from Figure 1 — Possible design of dip-tank for the metal surface by a film of the solution.
Some articles BS These fluids should not be applied to can be tilted or rotated; more than one solvent rinse articles having non-metallic parts liable to be can be used if necessary.
The method is particularly damaged by the solvent. It is not normally used which will subsequently be painted or protected by after cleaning by the methods described in clause 3 some means other than the application of temporary except where emulsifiable solvent cleaning is used protectives against corrosion. Such materials are without being followed by cleaning as described in available and recommendations for them are given clauses 4 and 5. Since these solvents are volatile, the articles dry in a reasonably short time, however, they have low flash points and suitable precautions against fire need to taken; on no account should a heated centrifuge be used to accelerate the drying.
Moisture traps should be placed at the other method is available. Air filters combined with or dry, and should not leave lint on dried surfaces. The separate from the moisture traps should be fitted. Air receiver should then be wiped with a second, clean, dry cloth, tanks usually have a drain valve or blow-off cock at to ensure a thoroughly dried surface. Canvas gloves the bottom; this should be opened when the receiver or similar protection should be worn to avoid is not in use and left open until the compressor is contamination of cleaned surfaces by sweat.
On re-using the compressor, air should be allowed to blow through the drain valve for a minute, to blow out any condensed moisture in the receiver end, and the valve closed. The air jet should then be tested for moisture at the delivery end by permitting the air to blow on a polished metal part at room temperature, and observing any condensation. The air pressure need not be above 0. Contaminant Cleaning Scope Variations of Clause Condition of Cleaning apparatus Special points Safety precautions to be removed materials or cleaning reference surface after see Table 2 process process in text treatment.
Oil, grease, dirt, Trichloroethylene All metals and all Vapour 3. Petroleum or All metals and all Immersion or 3. Emulsifiable Most metals Immersion 3. BS Oil, grease, Strong alkaline Ferrous parts Immersion 3. Organic Tin plate parts In situ 3. Rust and scale Mechanical Ferrous metals Shot or grit 4. Acid pickling or Ferrous metals Immersion 4. Miscellaneous Washing in All metals Removal of 5. Removal of 5. Close the A. Water-displacing fluids are mobile volatile solvents capable of displacing water from metal surfaces but Table 3 — Stability test temperature cycle depositing no perceptible film on evaporation.
Carry out the appropriate cycle on five consecutive A. Allow the tube to stand undisturbed for a further nine days at room temperature. Classification Packaging and Labelling of Type TP 2 is an exception in this respect and should Dangerous Substances Regulations , be examined only at the conclusion of the test. Burnish with be free from drops of moisture and additionally, aluminium oxide grit or equivalent on both after the specified period of exposure under sides.
Thoroughly clean and degrease the burnished controlled conditions, should show no greater panel by swabbing vigorously with pieces of clean corrosion than the control panel tested at the same cloth or filter paper soaked in petroleum time. Rinse in methanol and dry in a stream A. Allow to attain room temperature.
Not less than 60 mL of the water-displacing fluid Take care not to handle the test surface with bare should separate from the sodium chloride solution hands during and after the degreasing process. Immerse the prepared test panel completely in A. Withdraw momentarily to ensure that the film is The amount of residue should not exceed 1. Remove weight after heating 50 mL of the water-displacing the panel, hang it vertically and allow to drain fluid for 4 h in a flat-bottomed glass dish, for 10 s.
Completely immerse the panel, avoiding about 75 mm diameter by 25 mm deep, on a boiling any lateral movement, in the water-displacing water bath. Withdraw the panel and hang it vertically When 50 mL of the water-displacing fluid is shaken for 1 h at room temperature. Suspend the test panel and an uncoated but Appendix D Method of test for otherwise similarly prepared control panel emulsifying properties vertically in a closed vessel for 72 h at room temperature above a saturated solution of sodium Measure 75 mL of the water-displacing temporary carbonate containing an excess of sodium carbonate.
Shake corrosion. The method detailed temperature. BS , Specification for trichloroethylene. BS , Packaging code. BS , Steel plate, sheet and strip. BS , Methods of test for petroleum and its products. BS , Specification for phosphate treatment of iron and steel. BS , Guide for the prevention of corrosion of metals caused by vapours from organic materials2.
Petroleum Consolidation Act It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services.
We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover.
Tel: Fax: BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards. Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested.
Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service.
Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration.
Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained.
If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. In big procurement projects, submitting the packing procedure is very popular. But in small projects or single purchases, sometimes there is no packing procedure in place, and this might cause a dispute between the purchaser, seller and third party inspector if any.
There have been many cases of damage to transported equipment because of inappropriate packing type, lack of quality in construction and bad packing material. When the purchase of equipment is through the letter of credit, and the buyer and the seller agree on doing preshipment inspection, then a packing inspection will be included in the scope of the inspection.
Then it will be the responsibility of the purchaser to accept non-conformity or request that the seller carry our correct packing. Did you find this article useful? We will be updating and growing this site with more and more of industrial inspection related articles. Please subscribe to my monthly newsletter so you don't miss a thing.
0コメント